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Emission Test Cycles

World Harmonized Stationary Cycle (WHSC)

The WHSC test is a steady-state engine dynamometer schedule defined by the global technical regulation (GTR) No. 4 [2622] developed by the UN ECE GRPE group [2623]. The GTR is covering a world-wide harmonized heavy-duty certification (WHDC) procedure for engine exhaust emissions. Two test cycles, a hot start steady state test cycle (WHSC) and a transient test cycle (WHTC) with both cold and hot start requirements, have been created covering typical driving conditions in the EU, USA, Japan and Australia.

The WHSC is a ramped steady-state test cycle, with a sequence of steady-state engine test modes with defined speed and torque criteria at each mode and defined ramps between these modes. The parameters of the WHSC are listed in Table 1.

Table 1
World Harmonized Stationary Cycle (WHSC)
ModeSpeedLoadWeighting
Factor
Mode
Length†
-%%-s
0Motoring-0.24-
1000.17/2210
2551000.0250
355250.10250
455700.0375
5351000.0250
625250.08200
745700.0375
845250.06150
955500.05125
10751000.0250
1135500.08200
1235250.10250
13000.17/2210
Total11895
† Including 20 s ramp

The WHSC is run from a hot start, following engine preconditioning at mode 9. The idle mode is separated in two modes, mode 1 at the beginning and mode 13 at the end of the test cycle. Mode 0 is not run, but is only accounted for mathematically by a weighting factor of 0.24 and zero emissions and power.

For calculation of the brake specific emissions, the actual cycle work is calculated by integrating actual engine power over the cycle. The weighting factors (WF) are given for reference only.