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Emission Test Cycles

Worldwide engine and vehicle test cycles

International

Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC)
Chassis dynamometer test cycles for light-duty vehicles used for vehicle emission certification/type approvals conducted in the EU and other countries according to the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP).

Speed points: WLTC Class 3b | WLTC Class 3a | WLTC Class 2 | WLTC Class 1

World Harmonized Stationary Cycle (WHSC)
A steady-state engine dynamometer cycle for heavy-duty engines, developed for engine emission certification/type approvals worldwide.
World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC)
A transient engine dynamometer cycle for heavy-duty engines, developed for engine emission certification/type approvals worldwide.

Torque-speed points

World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle (WHVC)
A non-regulatory chassis dynamometer test cycle for heavy-duty vehicles.

Speed points

Nonroad Transient Cycle (NRTC)
A transient engine dynamometer cycle for mobile nonroad engines, used for engine emission certification/type approval in the USA, European Union and other countries.

Torque-speed points

ISO 8178
Test cycle composed of several steady-state test modes. Used for selected non-road engine applications in Europe, USA, and Japan.

United States

Light-Duty Vehicles

FTP 72
A transient test cycle for cars and light duty trucks performed on a chassis dynamometer. Simulates a urban route with frequent stops.

Speed points

FTP 75
A transient test cycle for cars and light duty trucks derived from the FTP-72. Used for emission certification testing of cars and light duty trucks in the USA.

Speed points

SFTP US06
A supplemental FTP procedure to simulate aggressive highway driving.

Speed points

SFTP SC03
A supplemental FTP procedure to simulate emissions associated with the use of air conditioning units.

Speed points

New York City Cycle
EPA NYCC schedule simulating low speed city driving.

Speed points

Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET)
EPA dynamometer driving schedule for fuel economy determination.

Speed points

California Unified Cycle (UC, LA92)
California UC dynamometer driving schedule.

Speed points

IM240
Inspection & Maintenance driving cycle used for emission measurements from in-use vehicles.

Speed points

Standard Road Cycle (SRC) and Standard Bench Cycle (SBC)
Dynamometer and engine bench tests for emission durability determination.

Description: SRC | SBC

Heavy-Duty Engines (Engine Dynamometer)

FTP Transient
A transient engine dynamometer cycle for heavy-duty truck and bus engines. Includes segments designed to simulate both urban and freeway driving. Used for emission certification testing of heavy-duty diesel engines in the USA.

Torque-speed points

Supplemental Emissions Test (SET)
Supplementary steady-state test used for emission certification of heavy-duty diesel engines in the USA.
Low Load Cycle (LLC)
An engine and chassis dynamometer cycle for heavy-duty engines and vehicles, representing real-world urban tractor and vocational vehicle operations characterized by low engine loads.

Torque-speed points

Nonroad Low Load Cycle (Nonroad LLC)
An engine dynamometer test cycle for nonroad engines, representing real-world nonroad equipment operation with low engine loads and engine idling.

Torque-speed points

Nonroad Low Load Application Cycle (LLAC)
An engine dynamometer test cycle for nonroad engines, representing real-world nonroad equipment operation characterized by low engine loads.

Torque-speed points

NTE (Not-To-Exceed) Testing
Additional “off-cycle” US EPA testing requirements for emission certification of heavy-duty diesel engines.
AVL 8-Mode Heavy-Duty Cycle
A steady-state test designed by AVL to produce emission results closely correlating with those measured over the US FTP Transient test.
CSVL
Constant-Speed, Variable-Load (CSVL) transient test cycle developed by the EPA for constant-speed engines, but never adopted in emission regulations.

Torque-speed points

CTA
Chicago Transit Authority engine cycle.

Torque-speed points

Heavy-Duty Vehicles (Chassis Dynamometer)

Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS)
EPA transient chassis dynamometer test cycle for heavy-duty vehicles.

Speed points

Central Business District (CBD)
Transient chassis dynamometer test cycle for heavy-duty vehicles.

Speed points

Business Arterial Commuter (BAC)
A composite heavy-duty vehicle’s fuel economy cycle, also known as the Transit Coach Operating Duty Cycle.

Speed points: CBD | Arterial | Commuter

City Suburban Cycle & Route (CSC)
Chassis dynamometer test cycle for heavy-duty vehicles.

Speed points: Cycle | Route

Neighborhood Refuse Truck Cycle
Transient chassis dynamometer test cycle representing the operation of a refuse truck.

Speed points

New York Composite
Transient chassis dynamometer test cycle for heavy-duty vehicles.

Speed points

New York Bus (NYBus)
Transient chassis dynamometer test cycle for urban transit buses.

Speed points

Manhattan Bus Cycle
Transient chassis dynamometer test cycle for urban transit buses.

Speed points

Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck (HHDDT)
Four-mode chassis dynamometer test developed by the California Air Resources Board.

Speed points: Creep | Transient | Cruise

Orange County Bus Cycle
Chassis dynamometer test cycle for transit buses developed by the West Virginia University.

Speed points

WVU 5-Peak
5-speed chassis dynamometer test cycle for heavy-duty trucks developed by the West Virginia University.

Speed points

European Union

Light-Duty Vehicles

ECE+EUDC / NEDC
A combined chassis dynamometer test used for emission testing and certification in Europe. It is composed of four ECE Urban Driving Cycles, simulating city driving, and one Extra Urban Driving Cycle (EUDC), simulating highway driving conditions. The cold-start version of the test, introduced in 2000, is referred to as the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC).

Speed points: ECE | EUDC | EUDC low power

Common Artemis Driving Cycles (CADC)
Chassis dynamometer test cycles (urban, rural road and motorway) developed under the Artemis project, based on statistical analysis of European real world driving conditions.

Speed points: Urban | Rural Road | Motorway 150 | Motorway 130

ADAC Highway Cycle (BAB 130)
Chassis dynamometer test cycle representing high speed highway driving used for ADAC EcoTest testing.

Speed points

RTS 95 Cycle
Chassis dynamometer test cycle representing aggressive driving.

Speed points

Heavy-Duty Engines & Vehicles

ECE R49
Steady state cycle for heavy duty truck engines. Consists of a sequence of 13 engine dynamometer test modes. Used for heavy-duty engine emission certification through the Euro II stage.
ESC (OICA)
Steady-state cycle for truck and bus engines. The ESC test is used for emission certification of heavy-duty diesel engines from the Euro III stage (2000).
ELR
Test is used for smoke opacity determination during emission certification of heavy-duty diesel engines from the Euro III stage (2000).
ETC (FIGE)
Transient test cycle for truck and bus engines. It is used, together with the ESC, for heavy duty engine emission certification. A non-standardized vehicle version, known as FIGE cycle, is sometimes used for research purposes.

Torque-speed points (ETC) | Speed points (FIGE)

Braunschweig Cycle
Transient chassis dynamometer test cycle simulating a urban bus route.

Speed points

Japan

Light-Duty Vehicles

10-Mode Cycle
Urban driving cycle used for emission testing from light-duty vehicles, later replaced by the 10-15 mode cycle.

Speed points

10-15 Mode Cycle
Urban driving cycle for emission certification and fuel economy determination of light-duty vehicles.

Speed points

JC08 Cycle
New urban driving cycle for emission and fuel economy measurements of light-duty vehicles, which will fully replace the 10-15 mode cycle by 2011.

Speed points

Heavy-Duty Engines And Vehicles

6-Mode Cycle
Two 6-mode cycles were used in Japan for heavy-duty vehicles weighting more than 2.5 t or transporting more than ten passengers: one cycle for diesel vehicles and one cycle for gasoline/LPG vehicles. Total emissions were expressed in ppm as a weighted average from the 6 test modes.
13-Mode Cycle
A newer cycle for heavy-duty vehicles that replaced the 6-mode cycles. The cycle included 13 stabilized engine modes. There were two versions of the test—one for diesel and one for gasoline and LPG engines—which showed some differences in the test modes and had different weighting factors. Emissions were expressed in g/kWh.
JE05 Cycle
New transient driving cycle for emission testing from heavy-duty diesel and gasoline vehicles which replaced the 13-mode cycle.

Speed points

China

China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (CLTC)
Two chassis dynamometer driving schedules, one for passenger cars (CLTC-P) and another for light commercial vehicles (CLTC-C).

Speed points: CLTC-P | CLTC-C

China Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Test Cycle (CHTC)
Six chassis dynamometer test cycles for various categories of heavy-duty vehicles.

Speed points: CHTC-B | CHTC-C | CHTC-LT | CHTC-HT | CHTC-D | CHTC-TT

China Engine Test Cycle (CETC)
Two engine dynamometer test cycles, one steady-state and one transient, for heavy-duty engines.

Torque-speed points

Australia

CUEDC (Diesel)
CUEDC (Composite Urban Emissions Drive Cycles) includes a set of six chassis dynamometer driving schedules for light and heavy diesel vehicles.

Speed points: MC | NA | NB | ME | NC | NCH

Petrol CUEDC & SPC240
A CUEDC cycle (chassis dynamometer) for gasoline vehicles and the short SPC240 test derived from Petrol CUEDC.

Speed points: Petrol CUEDC | SPC240