Italy: Water/Diesel Emulsions
This summary covers historical Italian fuel emulsion specifications that are no longer in effect.
Water-diesel emulsions which comply with the following specification were eligible for a reduced excise duty rate in Italy, effective 2000.10.1 through 2005.12.31 [6262]. The emulsions were allowed for use in medium- and heavy-duty vehicles and were available only at commercial sites not open to general public.
| Fuel Property | Unit | Limit | Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Max | |||
| Appearance | Milky | Visual | ||
| Density @15°C | kg/m3 | 835 | 870 | ISO 3675, ISO 12185 |
| Water content | % m/m | 12.0 | 15.0 | ISO 8534 |
| Stability, by centrifuge (4200 rcf, 5 min)* | ||||
| - phase separation | % v/v | - | 9.0 | UNICHIM 1548 |
| - free water | Pass | |||
| Viscosity @40°C | mm2/s | 2.0 | 7.0 | ISO 3104 |
| Sulfur | % m/m | - | 0.031 | ISO 14596, EN 24260 |
| Sulfated ash | % m/m | - | 0.01 | ISO 3987 |
| Total contaminants | mg/kg | - | 24 | EN 12662 |
| Copper corrosion, 3h @50°C | Class 1 | ISO 2160 | ||
| Flash Point | °C | 55 | - | ISO 2592, EN 22719 |
| Total nitrate content† | mg/kg | 750 | - | ISO 13759 |
| Lubricity (corrected wear scar diameter, wsd 1.4 @60°C) | µm | - | 460 | ISO 12156-1 |
| CFPP‡ | °C | - | W: -10 S: 0 |
EN 116 |
| * Sample must be taken immediately upon delivery † Expressed as 2-ethyl-hexyl-nitrate (EHN) ‡ Antifreeze additives are allowed for winter grade, provided the total water content is unchanged |
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Furthermore, the following requirements applied:
- The emulsion must be used within 4 months from delivery
- Mixing of emulsions produced with different technologies, or mixing of emulsions with diesel fuel in depots, is not allowed
- Diesel fuel used for emulsions must conform to UNI EN 590:2000
- For the preparation of emulsion de-ionized water must be used with maximum conductivity of 30 µS/cm
- Emulsifiers and additives must not contain compounds of fluorine, chlorine, or heavy metals