Singapore
Regulatory Background
Vehicle emission standards are adopted in Singapore by the National Environment Agency and the Ministry of the Environment.
Singapore emission requirements are based on EU, Japanese and US emission standards and test methods, which are incorporated in regulations by reference. Singapore emission regulations are part of the Environmental Protection and Management Act of 1 July 1999, with a number of later amendments.
Emissions are regulated from new light- and heavy-duty onroad vehicles and engines, new off-road diesel engines, as well as new motorcycles and scooters [3735][3734]. The effective dates for new vehicle emission stages given in the following sections refer to the date the vehicle is first registered in Singapore.
Onroad Vehicles and Engines
Emission requirements for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles [3735] with gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 3,500 kg or less are listed in Table 1. Emission standards for engines used in heavy vehicles [3735] with GVW of more than 3,500 kg are summarized in Table 2.
| Date | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Petrol Vehicles | |
| 1994.07 | Euro 1 (Directive 91/441/EEC) or Japan standards |
| 2001.01 | Euro 2 (Directive 96/69/EC) |
| 2014.04 | Euro 4 (Directive 98/69/EC-B(2005)) |
| 2017.09 | Euro 6 (Regulation (EC) 715/2007) or Japan 2009 plus Euro 6 PN limit for GDI vehicles |
| Diesel Vehicles | |
| 1998.07 | Euro 1 (Directive 93/59/EEC) |
| 2001.01 | Euro 2 (Directive 96/69/EC) |
| 2014.01 | Euro 5 (Regulation (EC) 715/2007) or Japan 2009 standards |
| 2018.01 | Euro 6 (Regulation (EC) 715/2007) or Japan 2009 plus Euro 6 PN limit |
| Date | Requirement |
|---|---|
| 1998.07 | Euro I (Directive 91/542/EEC Stage I) |
| 2001.01 | Euro II (Directive 91/542/EEC Stage II) |
| 2006.10 | Euro IV (Directive 1999/96/EC-B1(2005)) |
| 2014.01 | Euro V (Directive 2005/55/EC-B2(2008)) or Japan 2009 standards |
| 2018.01 | Euro VI (Regulation (EC) 595/2009 and (EU) 582/2011) or Japan 2009 plus Euro VI PN limit |
Off-Road Diesel Engines
Emission standards for off-road diesel engines [3734] are based on US, EU or Japanese regulations, Table 3. The emission standards do not apply to engines used for the propulsion of ships, locomotives or aircraft.
| Date | Requirement |
|---|---|
| 2000.08 | US Tier 1 or EU Stage I or Japan standards |
| 2012.07* | US Tier 2 or EU Stage II or Japan Tier I (MOT) |
| * Engines above 560 kW must meet US Tier 2 standards. Engines below 19 kW must meet either US Tier 2 or Japan Tier I standards. | |
The same emission permit requirements apply to imports of both new and re-built off-road engines.
In-Use Vehicles
All vehicles are subject to mandatory periodic inspections. During such inspections, emissions are tested to ensure that they comply with the prescribed standard. The emission limits for in-use vehicles are:
- Petrol driven motor vehicles (other than a motorcycle): CO = 3.5%
- Motorcycles: CO = 4.5%
- Diesel driven motor vehicles: Smoke opacity = 40 HSU
It is also an offense for any person to use or permit the use of a smoky vehicle on the road.