Korea: Heavy-Duty Engines

Emission standards for heavy-duty diesel truck and bus engines are listed in Table 1. Early standards were based on Japanese emission requirements. Since 2003, Korean emission standards are based on European Union regulations. Heavy-duty spark ignition engines are subject to Euro V equivalent limits effective 2009.01 and Euro VI limits effective 2013.01. Heavy-duty gasoline and diesel engines subject to Euro VI equivalent limits also have a 10 ppm limit for ammonia (NH₃). On-road testing requirements for heavy-duty diesel engines using PEMS were introduced in 2016.

**Table 1**
Emission standards for heavy-duty diesel engines
Date	Test	CO	HC	NOx	PM	PN	Reference
Date	Test	g/kWh				1/kWh	Reference
1993.01	6-mode	980†	670†	350† IDI 750† DI	-
1996.01	13-mode	4.90	1.20	11.0	0.90
1998.01	13-mode	4.90	1.20	6.0 (9.0)*	0.25 (0.50)*
2000.01	13-mode	4.90	1.20	6.0	0.25 (0.10)*
2002.01	13-mode	4.90	1.20	6.0	0.15 (0.10)*
2003.01	ESC	2.1	0.66	5.0	0.10		Euro III
2003.01	ETC	5.45	0.78	5.0	0.16		Euro III
2006.01	ESC	1.5	0.46	3.5	0.02		Euro IV
2006.01	ETC	4.0	0.55	3.5	0.03		Euro IV
2009.09	ESC	1.5	0.46	2.0	0.02		Euro V
2009.09	ETC	4.0	0.55	2.0	0.03		Euro V
2014.01	WHSC	1.5	0.13	0.40	0.01	8.0×10¹¹	Euro VI
2014.01	WHTC	4.0	0.16	0.46	0.01	6.0×10¹¹	Euro VI
* applies to buses † JP 6-mode test, limits expressed in ppm

Several of the above standards also have smoke opacity requirements which are not listed in the table.