Canada: Heavy-Duty Engines & Vehicles
Heavy-Duty Engines
Diesel Engines. The On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulations (SOR/2003-2) [3289] introduced two sets of emisison standards for heavy-duty diesel truck and bus engines, that are harmonized with the US standards:
- Phase 1 standards—equivalent to US 2004 standards—apply starting with the 2004 model year. As with the US EPA, there are two options for NOx+NMHC limits and tighter standards for urban busses.
- Phase 2 standards—equivalent to US 2007 standards—apply starting with the 2007 model year.
In the USA, the Phase 2 NMHC, CO and PM standards apply in 2007 and the NOx standard is phased-in from 2007 to 2010. In the case of a standard that is set out in the US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) to be phased in over a period of time, the standard comes into effect in Canada in the model year for which the CFR specifies that the standard applies to 100% of that class, and continues to apply until another standard comes into effect that applies to 100% of that class. This creates a difference in Canadian and US standards during this phase in period.
There are no emission averaging, banking and trading options for heavy-duty engines in Canada.
Otto Engines. The standards for heavy-duty Otto cycle engines are outlined below. Phase 2 standards are the same as those for heavy-duty diesel engines and apply in 2008. As with the heavy-duty diesel engine standards, the NOx standards in the USA are phased in and apply to 100% of engines in 2010. Similar comments apply here as those noted above for heavy-duty diesel engines during this phase-in period.
| GVWR kg (lb) | NOx | NMHC | NOx + NMHC | CO | PM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-2005 | ≤ 6,350 (14,000) | 4.0 | 1.1 | - | 14.4 | - |
| > 6,350 (14,000) | 4.0 | 1.9 | - | 37.1 | - | |
| Phase 1 (2005) | ≤ 6,350 (14,000) | - | - | 1.0 | 14.4 | - |
| > 6,350 (14,000) | - | - | 1.0 | 37.1 | - | |
| Phase 2 (2008 - 2010) | ≥ 3,856 (8,500) | 0.2 | 0.14 | - | 14.4 | 0.01 |
Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles. A complete heavy-duty vehicle is one with a gross vehicle weight rating of 6350 kg (14,000 pounds) or less and that is powered by an Otto-cycle engine and with the load carrying device or container attached after it leaves the control of the manufacturer. As with the US EPA requirements, Phase 1 standards apply starting in the 2005 model year. Because the Phase 2 standards are phased in during 2008 in the USA and apply to 100% of US vehicles only in 2009, similar comments to those made previously for heavy-duty diesel engines apply. The standards for these vehicles are outlined in the following table:
| GVWR kg (lb) | NOx | NMHC | HCHO | CO | PM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 (2005) | 3,856 - 4,536 (8,500 - 10,000) | 0.9 | 0.28 | - | 7.3 | - |
| 4,536 - 6,350 (10,000 - 14,000) | 1 | 0.33 | - | 8.1 | - | |
| Phase 2 (2008 - 2009) | 3,856 - 4,536 (8,500 - 10,000) | 0.2 | 0.195 | 0.032 | 7.3 | 0.02 |
| 4,536 - 6,350 (10,000 - 14,000) | 0.4 | 0.23 | 0.04 | 8.1 | 0.02 |
Heavy-Duty Vehicles. On-road heavy-duty vehicles other than complete heavy-duty vehicles must meet the heavy-duty engine requirements for the particular engine installed in that vehicle. Alternatively, heavy-duty diesel vehicles of 6,350 kg (14,000 lb) GVWR or less can conform to the standards for complete heavy-duty vehicles.
There are no emission averaging, banking and trading options for heavy-duty vehicles or complete heavy-duty vehicles in Canada.