China: 3-Wheel Vehicles and Low Speed Trucks
Phase I and Phase II emission standards for 3-wheeled vehicles and low speed trucks with diesel engines are detailed in GB19756-2005, Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants of diesel engines for three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks (China Phase I and II) published in May 2005. In 2018, a draft revision of GB19756 was posted for comment that included proposed Phase III emission standards for 3-wheeled vehicles with diesel engines with a compliance date of 2019.07; low speed trucks were not included in the revision [4136]. The implementation date was later changed to 2020.07 [4137].
A “three-wheeled vehicle” (formerly “three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle”) is a three-wheeled truck with a maximum design speed of 50 km/h or less. A “low-speed truck” (formerly “four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle”) is a truck with a maximum design speed of less than 70 km/h and that has four wheels. Certification and conformity of production (COP) emission limits for these vehicles having diesel engines are summarized in Table 1. Testing is carried out using the 13 mode ECE R49 steady state cycle.
| Phase | Date | CO | HC | NOx | PM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| g/kWh | |||||
| Phase I | New types: 2006.01 All: 2007.01 | 11.2 (12.3) | 2.4 (2.6) | 14.4 (15.8) | - |
| Phase II | New types: 2007.01 All: 2008.01 | 4.5 (4.9) | 1.1 (1.23) | 8.0 (9.0) | 0.61 (0.68) |
| Phase III (proposed) 3-wheeled vehicles only | 2020.07 | 3.5 | 0.85 | 6.5 | 0.30 |
The standard, GB19756, also places limits on the maximum air intake resistance, exhaust back pressure and power absorbed by engine accessories. These vehicles are also subject to noise limits found in GB19757-2005.
The proposed Phase III standards also include [4136]:
- Free acceleration smoke limits of 1.0 m-1 for ≥ 19 kW engines and 2.0 m-1 for < 19 kW engines
- Durability requirements of 100,000 km or 4 years for ≥ 19 kW engines and 60,000 km or 4 years for < 19 kW engines